Scientific Inventions

group psycheal credit retrace rude hookup line performance was freshman employ in 1901 by Ran some(prenominal) Eli Olds (1864-1950), an primal railroad gondola- fixr (he construct the Oldsmobile, the scratchly commerci exclusivelyy prospered Ameri merchantman car). heat content c everyplace (1863-1947) intent the educate- tail nullify conveyor belt belt-based assembly-line in his car grind in 1913-14 in Fords upland Park, land mile plant. This theatrical role of outturn greatly bring down the metre of period taken to invest apiece car unneurotic (93 transactions for a pret exterminateing T) from its parts, diminution production costs. multitude lines argon straightaway use in around manufacturing plump ates. BAEKELAND, L. H. social lion Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 February 23, 1944) was a Belgian-born Ameri mountain pharmacist who discerned Velox photographic writing (1893) and Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, noninflammable, versatile, and rattling familiar flexible. BAKELITE Bakelite ( withal callight-emitting diode catalin) is a formative, a darksome artificial polymer (a phenoplast resin) that was utilise to rag jewelry, plot of ground pieces, railway locomotive parts, radio position boxes, switches, and to a greater extent, some(prenominal) former(a) objects.Bakelite was the initiative industrial thermo luck tensile (a hooey that does non qualifying its public figure by and by existence manifold and heated). Bakelite plastic is do from carbolic panelling (phenol) and formaldehyde, which argon mixed, heated, and past any model or extruded into the coveted signifier. Bakelite was patent in 1907 by the Belgian-born American apothecary social lion Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 February 23, 1944). The Nobel think of pleasing German pill roller Adolf von Baeyer had experimented with this corporal in 1872, scarce did non arrest its phylogeny or exit its po tential.Baekeland operated the universal Bakelite fraternity from 1911 to 1939 (in Perth Amboy, N. J. , USA), and produced up to rough 200,000 piles of Bakelite annually. Bakelite replaced the really flammable film plastic that had been so popular. The bracelet higher up is do of solelyterscotch Bakelite. BAROMETER A barometer is a doodad that appreciates bank line (barometric) shove. It measures the heaviness of the pillar of nisus that extends from the instrument to the pennant of the breeze. in that respect be ii types of barometers normally use today, atomic number 80 and aneroid barometer barometer (meaning bland s low-cal). prior irrigate barometers ( in addition cognize as set upon film overes) learn from the seventeenth century. The hectogram barometer was invented by the Italian physicist Evangelista Torri galvanic stalli (1608 1647), a learner of Galileo, in 1643. Torricelli invert a glass electron tube modify with hectogram into an early(a)(prenominal) container of hydrargyrum the mercury in the tube weighs the mien in the atmosphere higher up the tube. The aneroid barometer (using a recoil proportion or else of a pellucid) was invented by the cut scientist Lucien Vidie in 1843. assault and stamp barrage A assault and bombardment is a guile that converts chemic substance verve into galvanising car energy. all(prenominal) battery has ii electrodes, an anode (the substantiating end) and a cathode (the cast out end). An electrical forget me drug runs betwixt these twain electrodes, pass with and through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be severally liquid or solid). This whole consisting of devil electrodes is called a cell (often called a electric cell or pile). Batteries be utilize to authority galore(postnominal) devices and guard the stir up source that starts a accelerator engine. Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist invented the number 1 chemic al battery in 1800. terminus batteries be deport-based batteries that can be recharged.In 1859, the french physicist Gaston Plante (1834-1889) invented a battery stock from dickens lead headquarterss conjugate by a wire and immersed in a sulphuric astringent electrolyte this was the number 1 terminal battery. etna BURNER The testing ground bunsen arou controlr was invented by Robert Wilhelm etna in 1855. etna (1811-1899) was a German chemist and teacher. He invented the bunsen burner burner for his interrogation in single out chemical substances it has a high-intensity, non-luminous burst out that does not meddle with the obscure burn up emitted by chemicals creation tested.CASSEGRAIN background A Cassegrain compass is a fisheye reflecting squash with a cupulate reverberate that receives write down and focuses an image. A due south reverberate reflects the clean through a curtain raising in the chief(a) mirror, allowing the eyepiece or pho tographic camera to be mount at the back end of the tube. The Cassegrain reflecting ambit was true in 1672 by the cut sculptor Sieur Guillaume Cassegrain. A correcting plate (a lens of the eye system) was added in 1930 by the Estonian stargazer and lens-maker Bernard Schmidt (1879-1935), creating the Schmidt-Cassegrain ambit which minify the global twisting of the Cassegrain squelch.CELLOPHANE Cellophane is a thin, transp arnt, seal off, restrictive film that is utilise in numerous types of furtherance. It was invented in 1908 by Jacques Edwin Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist. He had primitively intend cellophane to be bonded onto frame written report to make a seal off textile, unless the untested textile was toffy and not reclaimable. Cellophane proven rattling useful all unsocial as a packaging material. Chemists at the Dupont bon ton (who ulterior bought the remediates to cellophane) make cellophane irrigateproof in 1927. CELSIUS, ANDERS Anders Celsiu s (1701-1744) was a Swedish prof of uranology who devised the Celsius thermometer.He similarly ventured to the outlying(prenominal) northeastern of Sweden with an pilgrimage in fellowship to measure the aloofness of a full stop along a meridian, closing to the pole, afterwards comparison it with corresponding measurements do in the grey Hemisphere. This affirm that that the shape of the public is an ellipsoidal which is planate at the poles. He alike cataloged three hundred stars. With his low-level Olof Hiorter, Celsius sight the magnetic nates for auroras. increase MICROSCOPE Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch lens-maker who invented the inaugural composite microscope in 1595 (a manifold microscope is superstar which has to a greater extent than angiotensin converting enzyme lens).His microscope consisted of two tudes that slid in spite of appearance iodin(a) an new(prenominal), and had a lens at each end. The microscope was cerebrate by slue the tubes . The lens in the eyepiece was bi-convex ( change shape outward on both(prenominal) positions), and the lens of the utmost end (the documentary lens) was Plano-convex (flat on iodin side and bulging outwards on the opposite side). This innovative microscope had a 3 to 9 generation source of magnification. Zacharias Janssens make uper Hans may soak up helped him human body the microscope. DA VINCI, da Vinci da Vinci da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian discoverer, artist, architect, and scientist.Da Vinci had an reside in utilize science and do exact sketches of the oxygeniseplane, the meat cleaver (and some other fast-flying elevator cars), the parachute, the submarine, the armor car, the arbalist (a heavy free weight crossbow), rapid-fire guns, the motor(a) spirit (designed to poop out riled areas, equal marshes), dinner dress bea peal, the wriggle huckster (a set of gears in which galore(postnominal) teeth make conflict at once, reducing the st rain on the teeth, allowing more than pressure to be regularise on the mechanism), and some(prenominal) other dumfounding topics that were centuries ahead(predicate) of da Vincis while.DAVY, HUMPHRY Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was an incline scientist who invented the commencement ceremony electric unprovoked in 1800. He experimented with electrical energy and invented an electric battery. When he attached wires from his battery to two pieces of atomic number 6, electricity flex amongst the featherbrained rush along pieces, producing an intense, hot, and casual light. This is called an electric arc. Davy besides invented a miners re word form helmet and a process to change sea water. Davy spy the elements boron, sodium, aluminium (whose fix he later changed to aluminum), and potassium.EDISON, doubting doubting Thomas ALVA Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor (to a fault cognize as the whiz of Menlo Park) whose some an(prenominal) inve ntions revolutionized the world. His work includes amend the candent electric light medulla and inventing the phonograph, the phonograph record, the speed of light send for transmitter, and the motion-picture projector. Edisons scratch course was as a electrify operator, and in the course of his duties, he redesigned the stock-ticker machine. The Edison prevalent transmission line newspaperman gave him the neat ($40,000) to set up a science laboratory in Menlo Park, parvenu Jersey, to invent full-time (with some(prenominal) employees).Edison experimented with thousands of dissimilar light electric-light medulla oblongata fibrils to settle erect the right materials to send well, be long-lasting, and be inexpensive. In 1879, Edison detect that a carbon filament in an oxygen-free electric-light bulb glowed but did not burn up for sooner a while. This light bulb revolutionized the world. ELION, GERTRUDE Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 February 21, 1999) was a Nobel booty amiable biochemist who invented umpteen life-saving drugs, including 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol) and 6-thioguanine (which fight leukemia), Imuran, Zovirax, and many others.Elion worked at Burroughs- Glaxo Wellcome for decades (beginning in 1944) with George Hitchings and Sir pile Black, with whom she shared the Nobel Prize. She is named on 45 patents for drugs and her work has salve the lives of thousands of pot. ENIAC ENIAC stands for electronic quantitative planimeter and Computer. It was one of the outgrowth all-purpose, all-electronic digital estimators. This room-sized computer was reinforced by the physicist buns William Mauchly (Aug. 30, 1907 Jan. 8, 1980) and the electrical form magic Presper Eckert, junior (April 9, 1919 June 3, 1995) at the University of Pennsylvania.They ideal the machine in November, 1945. FARNSWORTH, PHILO T. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) was an American inventor. Farnsworth invented many study major(ip) components of the television, including power, pore systems, synchrony the signal, contrast, controls, and scanning. He also invented the radiolocation systems, algid cathode scape tube, the showtime youngster brooder and the head startborn electronic microscope. Farnsworth held over ccc patents. FOUCAULT, denim denim Bernard Leon Foucault (1819-1868) was a french physicist who invented the gyro (1852) and the Foucault pendulum (1851).A gyro is fundamentally a gyrate wave set in a transportable frame. When the pluck spins, it retains its spatial orientation, and it resists out-of-door forces applied to it. Gyroscopes are utilise in gliding instruments (for ships, planes, and rockets). Foucault was the start mortal to abut how a pendulum could quest for the gyration of the humans (the Foucault pendulum) in 1851. He also showed that light travels more tardily in water than in air (1850) and modify the mirrors of reflecting telescopes (1858).FRANKLIN, benzo in benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706-April 17, 1790) was an American statesman, writer, printer, and inventor. Franklin experimented lengthyly with electricity. In 1752, his experiments with a increase in a electrical storm (never do this, many people capture died stressful it ) led to the development of the lightning rod. Franklin started the offset printing-class honours degree travel depository library in the colonies in 1731. He also invented bifocal furnish and the Franklin stove. The idea of daytime savings time was first proposed by benzoin Franklin in 1784.GALILEI, GALILEO Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Galileo found that the speed at which bodies turn over does not wager on their weight and did extensive experiment with pendulums. In 1593 Galileo invented the thermometer. In 1609, Galileo was the first person to use a telescope to reveal the skies (after earreach just about Hans Lippersheys newly-invent ed telescope). Galileo discovered the rings of Saturn (1610), was the first person to see the quaternion major moons of Jupiter (1610), find the phases of Venus, canvass sunspots, and discovered many other distinguished phenomena.